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A hookup culture is one that accepts and encourages casual sexual encounters, including one-night stands and other related activity, which focus on physical pleasure without necessarily including emotional bonding or long-term commitment. It is generally associated with Western late adolescent behavior and, in particular, American college culture.〔〔〔 The term ''hookup'' has an ambiguous definition because it can indicate kissing or any form of physical sexual activity between sexual partners.〔〔 Most research on hookups has been focused on American college students, but hookups are not limited to college campuses.〔〔 Adolescents, emerging adults, men and women engage in hookups for a variety of reasons, which may range from instant physical gratification, to fulfillment of emotional needs, to using it as a means of finding a long-term romantic partner.〔 Media reaction to hookup culture has been dismissed as moral panic.〔〔〔 ==History== The rise of hookups, a form of casual sex, has been described by evolutionary biologist Justin Garcia and others as a "cultural revolution" that had its beginnings in the 1920s.〔 Technological advancements such as the automobile and movie theaters brought young couples out of their parents' homes, and out from their watchful eyes, giving them more freedom and more opportunity for sexual activity.〔 With the loosening sexual morals that came with sexual revolution in the 1960s, sex became uncoupled from relationships and non-marital sex became more socially accepted.〔〔 Some scholars, including Garcia, and Freitas, have found that dating, while it has not disappeared, has decreased as hookups have become more common.〔 By the mid-1990s, Freitas has found, hookups were an accepted form of relating among sexually active adults, especially on college campuses. This is, according to a review by Garcia, "an unprecedented time in the history of human sexuality."〔 People are marrying and beginning families at ages later than previous generations, while they are becoming sexually mature earlier. As a result, Garcia and others argue, young adults are physiologically able to reproduce but not psychologically or socially ready to 'settle down' and begin a family.〔 These developmental shifts, Garcia's systematic review of the literature suggests, is one of the factors driving the increase in hookups, a "popular cultural change that has infiltrated the lives of emerging adults throughout the Western world."〔 The review shows that hookups are becoming increasingly normative among young adults and adolescents in North America and have taken root throughout the Western world, which represents a notable shift in how casual sex is perceived and accepted.〔 Garcia and others have noted that the "past decade has witnessed an explosion in interest in the topic of hookups, both scientifically and in the popular media. Research on hookups is not seated within a singular disciplinary sphere; it sits at the crossroads of theoretical and empirical ideas drawn from a diverse range of fields, including psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, medicine, and public health."〔 Difficulties in defining the term can lead to different perceptions of its prevalence.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hookup culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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